Outsourcing Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Outsourcing - Term Paper Example concentrate more on core competences, allows organization to provide products and services to consumers on much cheaper rate, it allows best exercising of time and factors of production, and with activities it also transfers the risk attached to those activities.With advantages, outsourcing has some disadvantages as well, which includes Increase in unemployment in outsourcing outlandish, it a great deal eradicates direct communication between an organization and its clients which hinders organization to build strong relationship with employees, it rises the risk of losing underwrite over operations, it makes the sensitive information vulnerable as chances of leakage of information increases with outsourcing, and it makes organizations largely dependent upon the outsourced pardner (Bettis, Bradley, & Hamel, 1992).There argon number reasons which explain why organizations outsource their functions and business processes, one of the basic and study reasons is that it saves money and allows organization to pool that money in more productive activityThere are many things which companies consider while looking to outsource as the success of outsourcing such as, Companies capability to annihilate in mobile locations Companies capacities to expand and to build outsource partnerships, and companies skills and abilities to what to produce and not to produce while beingness competitive in the market (Boudreaux, 2008).There are number of exogenous factors which also need to be considered by companies while looking for outsourcing, which are Political stability of a country where function or process is outsourced, Language skills of outsourced partner, Infrastructure stability of outsourced partner, and flexibility of intellectual property rights and business contracts in the country of outsourced partner.Companies should concern about handing over technology to other businesses as this practice is quite worrying for them who outsourc e functions or business processes in order to save

The Evening Dress in Victorian era Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Evening tog up in Victorian era - Essay ExampleAlso, I will discuss how this particular clothes reflects issues of social, culture, class, work, lifestyle, leisure and home or more during the Victoria era.This garnish was made by the Father of Haute couture, Charles Frederick Worth, during tabby cat Victoria reign in the year of 1882. The medium is silk. This evening dress was made elaborately and with a lot of detail. It has included a lot of important elements of Victorian style such as flounced on the cut off sleeves, neckline, bottom of the dress and the sweeper the bow on the lower right dress and the bow design on the breast area layers balayeuse under the dress cage crinoline and steep waist to emphasize the shape of the women body and no ankle showing. In addition, Charles Frederick Worth used the gauzes to created dissimilar layers and used flowers to decorate the dress to add more colors. This demonstrated that the women were conservative but still did not lose res plendent in the design.Fashion is a language that creates itself in clothes to interpret reality. verbalize by whiz of famous designer Karl Lagerfeld. Clothes can always reflect the society in the particular period. During Queen Victoria reign, there was no war but peace and prosperity. On the early(a) hand, it means the improvement in technology. In the early Victoria era women have to wear a larger number of half-slips underneath, but in 1856 they were replaced by a cage crinoline or hooped petticoat (Laver, Haye, and Tucker 177). Because of the technology improved women can sit down easily and walk comfortable without carrying concentrated petticoats underneath.The Victorian era evening gowns were made up of the same shape as the daytime gowns. Frequently, women had deuce tops for the one skirt as one was worn for day time, while the other one in the evening. There was also a significant difference in the necklines as they were highly trimmed, less(prenominal) conservative, a nd featured shorter sleeve

DELL IN E-COMMERCE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

DELL IN E-COMMERCE - raise ExampleIt is about reaching out to individual customers and establishing brands to suit individual requirements. This study seeks to address the important reasons for the tremendous ovation accorded to dell over a period of time. Since Dell seems to have gained popularity as the about sought after computer Company, it is but natural, that other Companies would like to emulate its ways to chart and fly the courses for their mastery. This business study seeks to highlight the reasons for the success of Dell, especially in the context of its close liaison with customers and vendors and mental synthesis an work culture that fosters individual growth and increment through performance. The fundamental reasons for Dells success could be attributed to its unrelenting passion for innovative ideas and sound techniques, seeking better and newer avenues for corporate growth and development and gaining the active involvement of all relevant contributors to its su ccess, within and outside the organization. Its unique marketing plan, devoid of middlemen, has ensured that its customers set out their products straight off the assembly lines. Its product features, including user-friendly navigation and high comfort, safety and convenience of use, withal closer proximity to ultimate user has set it well in its path of achieving $80 billion Business mark by end of 2007. Yet another feat worthy of emulation by rivals is the Dell Venture which entails $80 Billion as equity investments in 90 Private circumscribed Companies. This has been done with the prime objective of sharing future technology in these companies and partnering the sharing of joint scientific advancements in commonly interested computer fields. It is widely believed that the future years would witness the advent of highly relevant and advanced technologies, through the use of innovation and state-of-the-art engineering designed products, without the need for Dell to have to

Current Issue Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Current Issue Analysis - Essay ExampleAnd today, jibe to the official terminology, Indian women continue to belong to the so-called weak groups.In my opinion such(prenominal) misunderstanding of the role of feminism and the importance of the defending of womens rights takes place because of the lack of support from mens and boys side. Emma Watson, who after she grew up, became not just a Harry Potter Girl but also UN Women thanksgiving Ambassador at the HeForShe Campaign 2014 paid attention that fighting for womens rights too often comes like to men hating. And this has to stop. It is a real problem that women are choosing not to identify themselves as feminists. It is right to even off possible for women to make decisions about own body. Women should be afforded the same respect as men. But in that respect is no country in the world, where women may be sure they would receive these rights (Watson, 2014).Some days agone the Dailymail has published some shocking videos of the wo men being gang raped. The most awful is that the men caught on tv camera were smiling while carrying out the alleged attacks. And now this movement called shametherapist crowd fights against repeated incidents of extreme sexual wildness towards Indian women. Sunitha Krishnan through her organisation Prajwala India, a womens rights NGO based in Hyderabad, India released the videos and images of the alleged attackers and in such way her shametherapistcampaign was born. She got those videos from a concerned man, who forwarded her the videos after they were sent to him on the messaging service WhatsApp. After the campaign was launched on Indian national television, somebody tried to intimidate Mrs Krishnan by throwing rocks into the window of her vehicle (Charlton, 2015). indeed the issue of defending women rights is particularly important for Indian women. They are discriminated from infancy or even earlier, and I can prove this statement with lots of examples. In

Nursing Issues In Australia - Staff Shortage Essay

Nursing Issues In Australia - Staff Shortage - Essay ExampleProjections show that, by the year 2021, twenty three per centum of the population in Australia will be over sixty years of age. This has a double insinuation on the wellness cargon system. One, the work force, is shrinking which means a reduction in the fig of working nurses. Two, the nation will be facing a high incidence of chronic diseases and degenerative diseases.The demand of the specialize services of the nurses is increasing at a higher rate than the expansion of the workforce. virtually families are not willing or are unable to take care of their aged at home. This put the burden of caring for this population on the health workers (Elder et Al, 2009, p. 137). The social and employment pattern for women is changing. The health workforce especially nursing has predominantly been women. The changing pattern of workforce cause a dearth as the women is opting to work in other sectors.In Australia, the deficit of nurses is aggravating because of the number of nurses that are departing. As the nurses leave the profession, others are not joining as nurses. The working conditions of the nurses are not favorable causing nurses dissatisfaction. When alternative opportunities arise they exist. Further, the recruitment of nurses is low in comparison with the demand. There is a pool of nurses that are not willing to work in the health workforce. This brings an imbalance between the demand and the supply of nurses.The shortage of nurses is as a result of the number of students training the profession. The institutions that are offering the course have financial constrains (Chaboyer et Al, 2006, p. 467). This limits the admission of students beyond a certain number. The institutions are also suffering from a shortage of educator in the nursing faculties. These limitations lead to a low output of qualified staff. These are part of the modern issues affecting the profession of nursing. The nation als o experiences a delay in

Yojimbo supplies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Yojimbo supplies - Essay Exampled their associated products a list of sales staff, their supervisors and their current associated ordination values and a list of customers and their current live orders.For purchasing, the Yojimbo Supplies Ltd (Miss Phillipa Howey, The Purchasing Head) wants to store all told the details of suppliers and stage setting up purchase orders along with a list of all the live orders and their associated products a list of all live orders and their associated suppliers and a list of all food products with a stock level near to minimum stock level (re-order level.).Customers The receiving end of the Yojimbo Supplies Ltd are public and trade outlets, general shops and individual and business customers. At presently they places and receives order manually on paper and after implementation of Information carcass, they will be able to place and track their order online.Actors The actors are the staffs (sales & purchasing) of the Yojimbo Supplies Ltd, and all types of customers who place order. Implementation of Information system will make tracking of sales-orders/purchase-orders easier for both staffs and customers. Because of this staff washstand efficiently do their job and customers can easily place and track their orders.Transformations Two types of process sale-order processing and purchase-order processing are performed at presently. At presently, customer place order, which is processed by sales staff and delivered. In addition, purchasing department foster purchase order and send it to supplier for receiving of orders at stock.World View At presently, the Yojimbo Supplies Ltd has no cultivation system for sales-order processing and purchasing. In addition, there is no suitable existing off-the-self software available in market that will suit the need of the Yojimbo Supplies Ltd. This analysis will be able to propose a suitable Information system that can suit the need of the Yojimbo Supplies Ltd.Owner There are devil types of process sales and purchasing, which are

Ethical Consumer Behavior Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

honourable Consumer Behavior - Assignment ExampleConsumer behavior is one of the most important subjects that be studied in the marketing and management fields. This concept is defined as the study of the groups, individuals and organizations regarding the methods and process that they enforce for the selection, securing and disposing of the services, products, ideas, or experiences. This subject mainly refers to a detailed assessment of the satisfaction of consumer needs and the influence that the utilize processes have on the society and consumers. The concept of consumer behavior combines various elements from the sociology, psychology, economics and social anthropology. It strives upon understanding the undefiled process of the decision -making of buyers, both individually and in groups (Blackwell, Miniard, and Engel, 2006). It studies characteristics of individual consumers such as demographics and behavioral variables in an attempt to understand peoples wants. It also tri es to assess influences on the consumer from groups such as family, friends, reference groups, and society in general. The concept of ethical consumerism has gained a lot of significance in the shopping segments of United Kingdoms and the United States. Ethical consumerism is defined as the concept in which the consumer depicts such activism which is practiced through the concept of positive buying and favoring of ethical products. According to this concept, the consumers are empowered to make ethical decisions, the consumption choices that are ethically certain and are provided with reliable and authentic information on corporate behavior. In order to assist the consumers with ethical buying behaviors, various standards and tables have been developed by the organizations. These include Fair-trade, Organic Foods, Made in the ground forces and various other standards which formulate a certain benchmark to be followed (Bird, Kate, and David, 1997).

Two Cultural Practices Among The Yanomamo Essay

Two Cultural Practices Among The Yanomamo - Essay ExampleHe describes them as a society constantly living in a state of chronic warf are (p. 22). The decide of this paper is therefore to show that contrary to popular portrayal of the Yanomamo as a fraternity rule by senseless violence, instances of warfare are only sporadic and waged for specific purposes (Harris, 1979). In expounding on this view, the paper will look at two main cultural practices among the Yanomamo society that shapes their beliefs and practices as a people. Festivals as a cultural practiceFestivals play an important role among the Yanomamo people, and are part and split up of their culture. They are important to the Yanomamo people because they serve both amicable and political functions. They are held to cultivate and affirm friendships among the villages. Feasting among the Yanomamo involves the sharing of meals, which in a larger extent, symbolizes the sharing of goods through trade and other stinting pr actices that are prevalent among the Yanomamo. These festivities are therefore used to form a social bond among the tribes, despite their warring nature, and to honor and appease the spirits of their ancestors. The Yanomamo people practice a lot of festivities and rituals which include hunt down rituals, marriage fetes, songs and dance festivals, and the hugely shocking endocannibalist ritual, which involves the consumption of a deceaseds ashes. ... The hunting festival plays an important role among the Yanomamo culture. They practice two main hunting festivals, the rami which provides them with meat, and the heniyomou which is practiced by the whole community collectively for special guests (Micheli, 2011). The festival is carried out in the evenings and is characterized by songs and dances. Here the young men are required to compose songs amidst laughter from the older members of the society. Whereas the Yanomamo consider marriage to be an important event in their culture, they have no actual marriage ceremonies. The Yanomamo marriage is basically a handing over affair as the suitors were already predetermined by the parents of the girl when she was at a tender age (Micheli, 2011). Such marriages are usually organized as a means of creating alliances with the men and other tribes. Perhaps the most elaborated and well organized festivity/ritual among the Yanomamo is their funeral ceremonies. To the Yanomamo, death is a great source of grief and anger, no matter the age, gender or position of the deceased, to the whole society. This is because they believe the cause of such death results from necromancy or witchcraft from the rival tribes (Fergusson, 2001). They thus mourn their dead with passion, and mark a ritual where they singe their dead and ingest the mud of the deceased. This form of endocannibalism is a unique feature among the Yanomamo, who believe by ingesting the remains of the dead member of the society they are preserving his spirit within t he society. The major significance of these festivities among the Yanomamo was that they acted as social activities where the community

Milton Friedman and Edward Freeman Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Milton Friedman and Edward freewoman - Assignment ExampleIts responsibilities of providing employment, avoiding pollution, and doing away with discrimination are crucial (Friedman). Friedman asserts that those handicraftpersons who trounce this way preach pure companionableism. As such, they are puppets using the intellectual forces to undermine the basis of a free society. In this paper, I will seek to develop arguments based on the thoughts of Milton Friedman and Edward Freeman and run aground who is right among the two of them. Milton Friedman Can a business be friendlyly responsible? With reference to the interchange and arguments brought forward by Milton Friedman, only notable concourse who believe that a business has social responsibilities referable to their lack of rigor and analytical looseness. Further explanation indicates that, only mass who can have social responsibilities, not businesses. Presumably, a corporation is an artificial person for who can have artif icial responsibilities (Freeman 234). However, even in this vague sense, business as a whole, cannot have social responsibilities. Social responsibility facet as a doctrine comes due to sharp relief when patronage unions use the doctrine to justify employ restraint (Friedman). The conflict of interest appears naked in this context and clearer when there is a question to trade union officials to subordinate their members interests in order to pave way for a more general purpose. Therefore, as officials of the trade unions, they have a social responsibility towards the business, which is to make profits. Additionally, Friedman puts across a challenge when it comes to exercising the will of social responsibility. He expounds that, the hardship or difficulty of exercising social responsibility demonstrates, without a doubt, one of the greatest virtues of private competitive enterprise. Due to this difficulty, social responsibility forces people to take responsibility for their own ac tions, which in turn makes it difficult for everyone to exploit others for selfish and unselfish purposes (Freeman 236). This implies that, people can do well, but only for personal expense. Since discussion regarding social responsibility focuses much on corporations, most of arguments concern corporate executives or individual proprietors. In an enterprise that is free, a corporate executive, as an employee of a business owned by other people, has a responsibility to the business owners. With that respect, the main object lens of the corporate executive is to carry out the business activities in accordance with the employers desires. Generally, this will mean that he has to make as much money as possible while upholding the basic rules of the society. The society embodies these rules into any the law or the ethical custom. Edward Freeman With regard to Freemans thesis, managers have a traffic towards stakeholders following the concept that managers have a fiduciary relationship with the stakeholders. Stakeholders refer to those segments of people who have a claim or stake in the firm. In order to drive the point with specific intrigue, Freeman incorporates the role of the management as the agent of the stakeholders, employees, customers, local community and suppliers. Using these agents, Freeman argues that a business should care for consumers and employees (Friedman). Thus, every group of the firms stakeholders must receive equal treatment and go into fully in determining the future of the business as

LAW OF TORT 2- DEFAMATION Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

LAW OF TORT 2- DEFAMATION - Coursework ExampleHere, the jurisprudence of tort, negligence, and transaction of care leave behind be sufficiently explained. II. Law of Tort Tort is the French boy for a wrong. Torts are civil wrongs. Civil wrongs can be contrasted to criminal acts although one action great power result in a potential liability for two claims, one civil and one criminal. If D assaults P, D is liable to be prosecuted for assault and criminal sanctions such as fines, community penalties or chains might be applied by the criminal courts. But P can also treat D in the civil courts for trespass to the person and claim damages for the injury and passing he/she has suffered. Negligence is a tort. III. Negligence, Liability for Negligence, and Defences Against Negligence The shell of Donoghue v- Stephenson (2011), set out the basic principles of negligence in English law (pp. 1). The case concerned food poisoning suffered by Mrs Donoghue whose bottled ginger beer was con taminated with the mud of a decomposed snail. As Mrs Donoghue didnt buy the ginger beer (her friend did) she had no action in ingest law (so she wasnt a party to that contract). The case decided that, in English Law on that point must be and is a general conception of relations giving rise to a duty of care. The liability for negligence is based upon a general public sentiment of wrongdoing for which the offender pays. The case created the concept of negligence as an action in civil law allowing injured parties to sue wrongdoers for their loss and damage. To find a suspect liable for negligence any plaintiff will have to take on the court of the following That the defendant must have owed the plaintiff a duty of care That the defendant through an act or omission breached that duty This breach caused loss to the defendant The loss is not too remote and That the defendant has no relevant defence. From what has been outlined above, the event organiser owes a duty of care to avoid acts or omissions which they might reasonably foresee could injure their neighbour. For an injured party to use up an action for negligence against a defendant they must show that the defendant breached that duty of care. The test of whether or not the duty of care is breached is an objective test what level of care and skill was required by the activity carried out and has the defendant measured up to that level? It is important to realise that where there is an increase probability of harm from activities carried out by the defendant then there will be an change magnitude burden on the defendant to discharge those activities soundly and competently. There will be negligence when the defendant falls below the standard of care required in the circumstances to protect others from the unreasonable happen of harm. Common professional or industry practices and codes of conduct will often be used as a benchmark against which behaviour is tested but they are not in themselves the f inal determiner of negligence or a breach of the duty of care. In practical terms the event organiser needs to ensure that she/he does all things practical and reasonable to ensure that those working at events and aid events are safe. Implementing and conforming to industry guidelines, industry good practice and conforming to relevant legislation and regulations will go a long way to discharge this duty of care and facilitate a safe event.

Supply Chain Integration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Supply Chain Integration - show ExampleThe study Supply Chain Integration will help to understand than the coordination of entropy for the customary benefit of businesses in the come forth chain is more effectively accomplished via the internet. The internet in supply chain integration is important for the sharing of information relative to supply and demand in a more timely manner and as much(prenominal) signifies the significance that information and knowledge have in the creation of value. It is profit commensurate for efficiently facilitating the means for adopting an integrated approach through step up the supply chain and allows for the more effective balancing of autonomy and control among the individual supply chain partners. GEs online business network is implicative of the significance of using the internet for integrating supply chain management. GEs online trading bear upon is a significant improvement on the antecedent process which involves draw out labor in tensive contract biding and award processes. By using the internet, businesses are able to reach out to new markets by providing reduced costs for entrants, less complexity with more tractableness and more importantly offer a far more efficient method for doing business. some other development in international business behavior necessitating integrating the supply chain via the internet and via tB2B is the leaning to outsource and the formation of tactical partnerships among industries. The internet provides a forum by which supply chain integration is accomplished at tokenish cost with optimal success.... The internet in supply chain integration is important for the sharing of information relative to supply and demand in a more timely manner and as such signifies the significance that information and knowledge has in the creation of value (Graham & Hardaker, 2000, p. 287). Graham and Hardaker (2000) maintain that the internet is useful for efficiently facilitating the means f or adopting an integrated approach throughout the supply chain and allows for the more effective balancing of autonomy and control among the individual supply chain partners (p. 287). GEs online business network is indicative of the significance of using the internet for integrating supply chain management (Graham & Hardaker, 2000). GE maintains an online trading process network which facilitates the transaction of approximately US$1 billion in business among over 1,400 suppliers fit(p) around the world. GEs online trading process is a significant improvement on the prior process which involves prolonged labour intensive contract biding and award processes (Graham & Hardaker, 2000, p. 287). By using the internet, businesses are able to reach out to new markets by providing reduced costs for entrants, less complexity with more flexibility and more importantly offer a far more efficient method for doing business (Graham & Hardaker, 2000, p. 287). Another development in international business behaviour necessitating integrating the supply chain via the internet and via tB2B is the tendency to outsource and the formation of tactical partnerships among industries. These kinds of developments obviate the need for information and

Current event in medical organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Current event in medical organization - Essay Exampleconsequently, such prescriptions could conclusion into addiction, occasional psychosis and anxiety. Doctors recommend timely diagnosis which works to counter the effects of the disorder at least(prenominal) at an early age.The American Psychiatric Association is working on a bid to construe that an increased number of teenagers can access prescribed medication after diagnosis. This article reveals the disorder is as a result of abnormal chemical imbalance in the brain. The chemicals interfere with an individuals caution skills and impulse control as well. Patient and doctors advocates have never seized to differ of the rising diagnosis rates. Proponents give birth the school of thought that the rising rates indicate proper management of the disorder. Opponents on the other run think that the respective prescriptions only work to calm an individuals behavior.The disorder can quick be determined through extensive talks with pa rents, patients and teachers. However, the rising cases of diagnosis and treatment of the disorder should be well managed in order to strike a reasonable balance (Schwarz and Cohen, 2).In line with clan work, the article revisits thus highlights the disorder a major in the American society. One is able to picture how the A.D.H.D disorder has been well advertises thus increasing the sale of respective treatments. Additionally, that if left untreated, the disorder could easily walk out a childs academic performance is a genuine concern that only calls for proactive attitude when dealing with the disorder.Alonso-Zaldivar (2) questions the significance of marketing to resolving pertinent issues associated with Obamacare. Obamas initiative has since received tangled reactions from various stakeholders. It is no wonder that the initiative has been viewed as complex and controversial. This has forced the government to invest severely on mass marketing to promote awareness in the count ry. This initiative has been shot

Franz Kavka, Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Franz Kavka, - Term Paper ExampleKafka, despite reverberating in all his greatness, was always consumed by the point that death was absolute and approaching him almost all the time. He soon became obsessed with the fact and put forth a number of statements with respect to killing Jews all near him. In bingle of the articles chosen, it has been menti peerlessd that, Sometimes Id like to stuff all Jews (myself included) into a drawer of a laundry basket-then open it to chit-chat if theyve suffocated. (Karra) Even in his engagements, for example in Metamorphosis, he talks about the emotional death that every man must face during the course of his life-timetime. He also tries to show that it is non necessarily a bad thing and that it is the doom that must fall upon all of mankind eventually. He tries to portray that a person can avoid and be free from death if he is crazy enough to rehearse suicide. He was sick of society, and on a different level, a little scared as well. This w as because he was afraid to publish his works publicly and have them read and criticized by other people rough him. Kafka spent a great amount of time trying to improve the image that he had created for himself around the people he lived with. He was also a hypochondriac, leading him to his infatuation with death subsequently. He feared losing himself in something he did not want to. He thus feared death as much as he welcomed it. Even though he resented Jews and openly wrote and talked about killing them and doing away with all of them including him, he did not foresee the Holocaust which took place soon after his death. The Holocaust had perhaps pee-peen base on his ideas, who knows, because Kafka talked about suffocating Jews and that is exactly what happened in the gas chambers of the concentration and extermination camps set up by Hitler. In Metamorphosis however, Kafka has presented a completely different version of his character Gregor from that of himself. He writes that G regor is a very socially accept subject man and is trying to make his own way in life and society. As Gregor is transformed into an insect, or his metamorphosis begins, he begins to see how no one is ready to take him for who he is. An insect is an unwanted bug by everyone, and soon he is kicked out of his own root by his parents and nobody within the society is willing to accept him for who he might be. No one can hear him or understand what he was trying to say either. Much the same way, accord to Marx, In small numbers, an animal so defenceless as evolving man might struggle on even in conditions of isolation. Due to this, Gregor dies out of loneliness and isolation as he is not able to survive anymore, and this death is his pathway to freedom and liberation from the clutches and shackles of society that had bound him to surviving concord to the needs and desires of other people. (Kafka, Franz) The concept of hunger mechanics have also been explained in this book as an artis t who has been fasting during the time that he has been looking out for people who are interested in his work of art. Soon however, he dies because no one wills to show any interest, and the artist is forced to retreat cover song to his cage and suffer alone there. Kafka was an absurd man who never enjoyed what he really wrote himself.

Consumer Products Report Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Consumer Products Report - query Paper ExampleI hope that you are divergence to find this report satisfactory and up to your required standards. Sincerely yours, Name Faculty. Address Enclosures. Contents earn of Transmittal 2 Contents 3 Introduction 4 Background to the Study 4 Research Aim 6 Significance of the Study 6 Methodology Applied 6 Findings 7 original Findings Interview with a User 7 Primary Findings Interview with a Sales person 8 Primary Findings Interview with a Technician 8 Secondary Findings 9 Summary of the Findings 10 Conclusion and pass 10 References 11 Appendix-1 Interview Guideline for User 13 Appendix-2 Interview Guideline for Sales Person 14 Appendix-2 Interview Guideline for Technician 15 Introduction This research study is aimed at comparing a model of Sony TV with that of Samsung and Toshiba in order to facilitate the buying decisions emergencyed to be made by the customers. For this reason, the researcher will utilize an interview guideline to conduct primary research and would take sponsor from secondary sources to affirm the findings of the primary research. Background to the Study The development in technology and the globalization of resources and businesses has urged organizations to correct t heir operational activities with that of pace of other businesses. This is because, to stay alive in the market place, organizations get hold of to provide technologically driven and up to dated solutions to the requirements of customer, so that they stay loyal to the businesses. In this scenario, organizations let themselves in business processes which ensures that every now and than, business come up with a new and mod product idea, which outmatches the products of same product category of competitors (Herrick, 2007). In case of electronic appliance and gadget manufacturers, need for innovation and creativity increases as these manufacturers are perceived to be providing high quality technological gadgets that compel customer s life easier. Televisions were first introduced into the commercial market in late 1920s and since than, they have transformed into many forms, i.e. from simple cathode ray tube turn of events to LCDs and than to LEDs. Televisions are undoubtedly the most purchased and utilized electronic device in the world and are used for communicating with the world through moving images (Bellis, 2012). The changing dynamics of consumer demands and preferences, along with the changing dynamics of the television system manufacturing industry, has proved to be working as a accelerator pedal in speeding up the process of introducing new and innovative television sets to the market. Additionally, the rapid changes in technological aspects of television manufacturing and industry structure makes television manufacturers face enormous challenges in the integration of their value compass activities. Moreover, the bigger challenge arises on customers sides that are looking for more facilitating sol utions to fulfill their requirement to stay attached to the rest of the world through television, and at the same season, looking for television that provide them real time image and provide picture quality that makes them feel if they are being a part of the photograph they see on televisions (Gage & Pizzi, 2010). A number of quality television manufacturers dominate worlds television market. Among these manufacturer

American Wartime Music Composers - Cohan & Berlin Term Paper

American contendtime Music Composers - Cohan & Berlin - enclosure Paper ExampleThe 20th century was such a apposition of styles, forms, and genres of music that it was difficult to chose dickens composers who had something in common. Perception is maven of the most important tools of propaganda. For the first time aural perception was feature with the visual. Audiences became more demanding as the subjective choice of music was more diverse and more complicated . The communicate was a significant factor in the mass distri just nowion of different types of music. By World War II, composers of all genre were put in the forefront for the first time in history . distant to social believe, composers were highly touched by the effects of the build of deaths of the World War I and the number of deaths by the flue pandemic which closed households for almost 3 years. The two World Wars created different levels of propaganda and therefore music was used differently. By World War II, audiences expected to be entertained by button to dance halls, jazz bands, musicals, music revues. As radio was a major form of entertainment in the majority of American households, music stations flourished. By World War II, it was common to go to picture show once a workweek. The United States War Office had a Wartime Music Committee. (Sheppard 304) Audiences at cornerstone were under the influence that all was going well in both wars and soldiers were played music when they were in the mess hall saw movies and were fed propaganda that the Americans were winning battles. Music was an important part of the war endeavour Each soldier was given a book of military songs. Over 9 000 songs were composed from the embark on of World War 1. Composers and producers were drafted or volunteered to entertain the troops. At the turn of the century, Musical theatre was a juxtaposition of a group of songs with a slight story line. George Cohan (b. 1878 d.1942) was raised in a family of vau deville performers. (Kenrick) In the early 1900s the US was in a state of economic stability and patriotism. American Musical theater was in its infancy. Vaudeville performances were still common. A group of diverse traveling performers would perform on form with no continuity in the program. He is quoted as saying his family was making $1 000.00 a week in the late 1800s. (Kenrick)When he came to New York, he began writing and composing his own songs and sketches. They were the equivalent of musicals but they were simplistic and missed the continuity of full musicals of today. They were a group of songs, perhaps in different keys without any(prenominal) or a few common musical themes. He is con rampred the father of American Musical Theatre.(Ewan 68) As a proud chauvinist, his song writing was one of the first to be used to promote depicted object cause or national propaganda. As soon as President Wilson declared war, his most far-famed song Over There became a national hit. (Ke nrick) It showed the value of fighting the war. His war songs showed the negative side of staying out of the war. His songs did not take into account the human emotional side of fighting a war. Irving Berlin (1888-1989) was one of many Jewish immigrants who came to the US as a child. He lived in abject poverty. His father was a singer (cantor) in the synagogue so his son would have had vocal religious training. This fact is not to be neglected as a young orthodox Jew he chanted his studies. (Kenrick) Once in the US, his father died within 2 years and as a child I Berlin went to work on the streets to help support his family. Little by little

How do Consumer Characteristics Influence Buying Behavior Research Paper

How do Consumer Characteristics Influence Buying Behavior - look into Paper ExampleOn the contrary, previously marketers and organizations were able to comprehend the consumers acquire behaviors and patterns through their experiences of exchange the products to the consumers. However, firms and merchandise decision makers lost direct contact with the customers with the augmentation of the market and organizations. Therefore, consumer-buying behavior is one of the most significant aspects for the organizations in todays time to be acquainted with the buying patterns and habits of the consumers so that they can focus on their products or services to the market (Pride& Ferrell, 2008). Since the consumer market profoundly depends upon the buying behaviors of the customers, therefore organizations should understand the market verboten front developing or designing any marketing strategies. As a result, to the constantly changing buying patterns of the consumers, consumer research ha s become one of the imperative methods for the marketers and enterprises where they are spending millions of dollars for the study of consumer habits. Moreover, consumer research allows the marketers to gain much knowledge about the consumer behavior and their habits of buying a particular product or service. Furthermore, this research alike makes the enterprise identify and recognize with the response of the customer towards the overall product that include its features, price, advertising and some(prenominal) others over its competitors (Pride& Ferrell, 2008). The research will also lead to the surveillance that consumer enormously varies in age, income, education, taste and kinda a lot of other factors. In addition, the consumer characteristics that influence their purchasing habits also include elements such as cultural, social, personal, and psychological characteristics. Therefore, the consumer research findings provide a great deal of assistance to the firms, as they are and then able to determine the strong association between the marketing stimulus and the customer reaction. In addition, the consumer characteristics that late persuade the buying behaviors are constructive and valuable for the marketers to identify and understand the consumers that the firms are making an exertion to influence them (Pride& Ferrell, 2008). In particular, the researcher will put efforts on the below mentioned research statement to accomplish aims and objectives of the research To identify and analyze the influence of consumer characteristics on buying behavior? maskingground Information Back in the old days, it was easier to determine what makes consumers buy what they buy. A market was just that- a marketplace. Bazaars and shops directly dealt with the customers they were selling products to and thus were aware of the moods and preference as well as how different contexts influence the consumption of mixed products (Pride & Ferrell, 2010). However, as time pass ed and the trade industry expanded, shops grew into brands and brands became large multinational companies, making it much more thorny for the shopkeepers to interact with the public to find out about their preferences (Pride & Ferrell, 2007). Thus, these companies started hiring firms and people whose only job was to find out what consumer behaviors affects their purchase and consumption of va

Brazil and India business environment comparison Essay Example for Free

brazil nut and India business environment comparison endeavorThe United States and brazil entered into a common agreement targeting to improve democracy in the Western cerebral hemisphere and to bring an intensify growth in regional trade and development so that the politicss of the region evoke ensure its citizens better scope for greater prosperity. (Common Goals and Challenges in Brazil-USs Agenda) The prospects for conducting business in Brazil be tremendous in view of its 150 million possible consumers, a hugely diversified parsimony and a gross domestic product price of US7 cardinal. However, till the nation attains improved market and stinting reforms, majority of the opportunities for US companies are prone to hover around particular arenas and projects. (Jennings, 14) The closed markets and heavy government interventions marked the economic development of Brazil during the utmost thirty years. During the 1960s and 1970s, such policies of import commuting and h uge levels of international debt generated accelerated growth and industrialization however, giving rise to long term problems wish long term economic difficulties, inclusive of lofty inflation, foreign debt difficulties and non-competitive industries.During the year 1990 the Government of Brazil initiated notable market liberalization measures including reduction of trade and investment barriers, declining import duties over 100% to a high of 35% inclusive of an average of 14%. Market liberalization too incorporated some(prenominal) tax and regulatory variations that have been of advantage to the foreign investors. The reduction of taxes on profit remittances and simplification of procedures and withdrawal of whatsoever of the disincentives to reinvest the profits have provided increasing scope for business activities in Brazil.As a result, the trend of the response of US companies was seen to be remarkable. (Jennings, 14) US companies exported goods of worth $6 billion ena bling Brazil to be among the covering fire 20 export markets of the world. The United States tends to maintain the position of being the single country supplier to Brazil constituting about one-third of the total of the Brazilian imports. The telecommunication and informatics market of Brazil extends fabulous potential for US business, for the equipment manu facturers as well as for the service providers. The Telecommunication sector provides a market worth of $3 billion in Brazil.The US companies have now extended limited involvement in the telecommunication sector and are exploiting the benefits of extending private networks as well as equipments. The energy sector in Brazil also entails good prospects for US technology as well as equipment. The current agreements and consequent legislations at higher government levels and the private sectors assures for future prospects. The US equipment manufacturers are encouraged to actually bespeak benefit of the opportunities that alrea dy prevail and are prone to expand with regard to the internal demand that promotes the refinement of this sector.(Jennings, 15) The Indian markets along with its over one billion population, provides profitable as well as several(a) opportunities for US exporters with the right kind of products, service as well as commitment. Such opportunities are accelerated with the depreciation of dollar in the recent years in relation to its competitive currencies. The infrastructure, high-tech, energy, health care, environmental, imparting as well as defense sector are prone to surpass the tens of billions of dollars mark in the mid-term as the Indian economy tend to globalize as well as emerge stronger.In the year 2005, the total bilateral trade was $26. 77 billion. The US exports to India in 2005 was enhanced to $7. 96 billion, which was a 30. 3 percent growth in comparison to the previous year. (India Market of the month) The potentiality of India for US companies is vivid since India is the second largest small car market of the world India is one among the three countries that manufactures its own supercomputers India is the one among the 6 nations that is able to launch its own satellites and India is having the second biggest group of software developers immediately after the US.The Indo-US relation is presently growing through a remarkable transition. The two nations which were having a gap between them in semipolitical and economic wrong during the latter part of the 20th century, presently consider their national goals converging on several areas. (India Market of the month) Indian tariffs have been decreased considerably since the early part of the 1990s. disregarding of the fact that the tariff and poor infrastructure entails remarkable challenges for foreign investment and development, the infrastructure needs in India also entail trade and investment facilities for US companies.The best prospects for US firms and US exports on the basis of estima ted Indian imports from the US has been earmarked to be Airport Ground Handling, Computer and Peripherals, Education Services, Electrical Power Generation, Transmission dissemination Equipment, Food Processing Cold Storage Equipment, Oil Gas Field Machinery, Pollution Control Equipment, natural rubber and security equipment, Telecommunication equipment, Textile Machinery, water etc. (India Market of the month)Condoleezza Rice, Secretary of State for United States and Celso Amorim, Brazilian contrasted Minister in their meeting on 26th April, 2005 in Brazil had a discussion in relation to the common agenda of the two nations as well as that of the unique challenges which were confronting the entire hemisphere. (Common Goals and Challenges in Brazil-USs Agenda) Brazil as well as Argentina poses certain particular business challenges to be confronted by the US firms.For example, legal provisions with regard to importing technology materials require payment of duties, tariffs an d a think of added tax VAT which is as much as 22 percent of the total comprise in Brazil. The business is even more complex in Brazil due to the variation of moment laws from one province to another. The fluctuating currency exchange grade as well as topical anaesthetic economic issues pose grave challenges for conducting business. ( line of work Spotlight Arrow South America) Franklin L.Lavin, Under Secretary of art for multinational Trade, American Chamber of Commerce, pertly Delhi on May 1st, 2006 remarked that the Indo-US relationship have improved on legion(predicate) fields and have great prospects in the sphere of trade. However, US face remarkable challenges as well. Irrespective of the fact that India has exhibited good trade statistics and the progress in the sphere of economic reforms and are opening markets during the last one and half decade there still need to be improvement in several spheres in order to reflect Indias important part in the world economy.Th e economic philosophies of Fabian socialism as well as third world nationalism are holding India security for many years. As a result of this it has been pointed out that even with 30 percent growth in US exports to India during the last year, India could constitute only 1 percent of all exports of US. The economic reforms in India is in relation to world reforms as a result of this the momentum of India is not impressive in the context of the circumscribeion for global attention. (Remarks by Franklin L. Lavin Under Secretary of Commerce for International Trade, American Chamber of Commerce, spic-and-span Delhi)The annual US exports of $8 billion dollar is what the US ships to Canada within two weeks. In terms of the US foreign direct investment in India the cumulative figure is only $6. 2 billion at the end of 2004, US being the largest investor while the US FDI in Singapore remains amounts to be $56. 9 billion. Irrespective of the fact that tariff for non-agricultural products have significantly reduced, it still remains at 40% in case of agricultural products. The vibrant IPR regime is considered critical to the enhancement of a creative, technologically pass on economy.Irrespective of the fact that India has opened up a silver of its retail sector to foreign investment, presently, the sector is still considered to be closed to most of the American retailers. US companies required to obviate the aggressive competition exerted by the companies from Europe, Canada, Korea and Japan by knowing how to adapt their products as well as facilitate their activities in order to take advantage of the huge potential in India. (Remarks by Franklin L. Lavin Under Secretary of Commerce for International Trade, American Chamber of Commerce, New Delhi)The trading companies are generally prone to four types of adventure such as strategic risk, operational risks, internal financial risks and compliance risks. (Sadgrove, 83) The trading risks in Brazil are considered subst antially greater in comparison to the developed nations. The political risks like dismissal or appointment of a key government minister can exert influence on the value of the share of the company to have fluctuations. The purchase of shares of Brazilian companies is subject to increasing risks of fluctuations in the exchange rates that may exert considerable losses.Exchange rates also have a tremendous affect on the profitability. Inflationary trends also influence much on the profitability by making the services of the company more expensive. (Sands, 27) For US Government, for over several years Brazil has been a bastion of anti communism while the other states of South America seem to be leaning towards communistic. Moreover, the US companies in Brazil never desire to take the risk by means of their operations being interrupt by that of the shipping turmoil.(Fitzgerald, 20) The US companies engaged in outsourcing of their software development to India are prone to be hurt by the industrial espionage and poor intellectual property safeguards. However, India is seen to have a far prominent cultural and legal climate for IP protection than many other nations offering offshore coding. (Pedraja Toman, 164) References agate line Spotlight Arrow South America. Retrieved from http//www. arrow. com/media_center/news/BusinessSpotlightArrowSouthAmerica. htm Accessed 11 December, 2006Common Goals and Challenges in Brazil-USs Agenda. 27 April, 2005. Retrieved from http//www. brazzilmag. com/content/view/2207/ Accessed 10 December, 2006 Fitzgerald, Michael. Intellectual property protection. CIO Magazine. 15 November, 2003. pp 18-21 India Market of the month. US Commercial Service India. Retrieved from http//www. buyusa. gov/india/en/motm. html? print=1 Accessed 10 December, 2006 Jennings, Horace. Brazil slowly emerging giant offers enormous potential. Business America. March, 1994. Vol 115 No 3 pp 14-16.Pedraja, Rene de La Toman, Rene De La Pedraja. Latin American Me rchant Shipping in the Age of Global Competition. Greenwood Press. 1999. Remarks by Franklin L. Lavin Under Secretary of Commerce for International Trade, American Chamber of Commerce, New Delhi. 1 May, 2006. Retrieved from http//www. ita. doc. gov/press/speeches/lavin_050106. asp Accessed 11 December, 2006 Sadgrove, Kit. The Complete Guide to Business Risk Management. Gower Publishing, Ltd. 2005. Sands, Gary. The Risks and Rewards of Investing in Brazil. Brazzil Magazine. 23 March, 2005. pp 27-30

Pop Culture Essay Example for Free

Pop acculturation EssayThroughout, history fling offular culture has been a third estate f accomplishmentor in everyday life. The identity of popular culture is seen through many elements of art. It was derived from artifacts and styles of human expressions demonstrable from the creativity of ordinary masses, and circulate among people according to their interests, preferences, and tastes. For example, music, fashion, people, stereotypes, and cordial rituals all play a purpose in the development of what is known today as pop culture baseball club.These elements learn shape society to behave and think a certain way, all in which be seen to have a more(prenominal) negative impact to the public rather than promote positive influences. Moreover, we will examine three briny elements of popular culture that affect the American culture on a day to day basis. Stereotypes, social rituals, and arts are all elements of popular culture that have been adopted and appeals to large masses of people, ordinarily the middle class citizens . Thus, popular culture comes from people it is not just given to them.This perspective part away at distinctions typically made between producers and consumers of cultural material. According to Webster stereotypes are oversimplified opinion, prejudiced attitude, or uncritical judgment. For example, people develop conceptions about certain conclaves of people beca recitation of what we see on television and use these generalizations in everyday life, such as Gender and where the media portrays ones masculinity and femininity 2. Stereotypes can be seen with current or imaginary people or objects.For example, real icons such as expensive cars can be portrayed as a person being wealthy with luxury. Imaginary icons are things such as Bat mobiles or spaceships that are seen as a warp speeding icon expressing in actually magical ways- faster than light travel, to demonstrate power beyond discovery 3. Other real or imaginary ste reotypes are heroes. For instances, Martin Luther King Jr. is a known for leading many Americans to freedom from thrall and racism. On the hand, Superman is an imaginary hero that saves the world from danger.These stereotypes have shaped Americas beliefs to be based on judgments of their own opinions as opposed to the truth. Social Rituals consist of highly patterned exemplary events in which we all participate as a way of marking important passages in our one-on-one lives or in society as a whole 4. For example, holidays such as Christmas which is only famous by some who believe in decorating and exchanging gifts for the birth of Jesus Christ. However, others prefer not to engage in certain holidays or activities. Moreover, rituals integrate with heroes and icons that are built from a base structure of hierarchy.For example, voting is a common social ritual that plays a significant role in many Americans life. After voting, many constituency wear clothing to symbolize their her oic effort or support for the medical prognosis they endorsed. invention is one the largest rooms of pop culture with a vast and diverse amount of subdivisions. Art includes magazines, movies, television, recordings, comic books and others. Art correlates with all forms of pop culture and its affects with society. For example, books discuss heroes, icons, stereotypes, people, myth, beliefs and values.All of these elements interact with one other and result in moving to another room that leads to other possibly subcategories. Thus, arts are group together based upon shared characteristics which are known to both popular artist and the audience. Pop Culture is a trend that many learn about through film, media, music, people, fashion and others. These trends can sometime have a negative effect on the way society may behave or act to certain situations. For instances, many people use stereotypes to judge others or relate their lives to those individuals.In addition, others use heroes whether they are real or imaginary to compare and contrast their way of living. On the other hand, there are other elements of pop culture that make up these special trends. For example, social rituals is another element that allows people to express themselves based on their belief, things such as holidays, voting, and weddings. Lastly, Art is the element of diversity it relates to all subcategories of pop culture, within these categories all elements interact and form other elements.

Divorced, Beheaded, Survived Essay Example for Free

Divorced, Beheaded, Survived EssayDeath is a peculiar thing. Everyone reacts to it in divergent ways. And no one seems to to the full understand what to do, what to say and how to react when death occurs in the family or in the family in ones circle of whizzs. It seems that man cant really understand why it happens. At least not when it is someone one cares about. But it happens, and there is nothing else to do about it, than survive and trigger off on with ones life. This is the subject treated in Robin Blacks shortstory Divorced, Beheaded, Survived (2010).The shortstory is the story of a woman who loses her plumping comrade, Terry, to disconsolateness at a very young age. It is also a story about how her crony and she used to play with the other children who lived close by, and how they stopped playing after Terry died. The main region also describes how she tries to protect her children from this awful phenomenon that death is, but how she is unable to do so as her give-and-takes friend dies in the end. The main genius who acts as a past tense vote counter, does not tell much about herself.To be clear she does not describe many of the characters at all. The feature that there are very few adjectives and adverbs shows the reader that one must use ones imagination, the characters are not important for they could be anyone in such a neighborhood. The reader relates to the story in a different way than they normally would, because they sop up to use their own experiences to fill out the missing pieces of the personalities of the characters. The person the narrator tells about the most, is Terry or Terrance as he is actually called.The narrator describes how he plays Anne Boleyn with much character and liveliness. Page 2, line 6-9 () was undoubtedly the most convincing. Once, he stole a dress from our mothers closet a red-and-white Diane von Furstenberg wraparound so he could use the beltlike part to hold the couch-pillow baby, the future pu ff Elizabeth, in place. Oh, Hal, he cooed. He is a happy boy and has no worries, until he gets sick. This turns his life crown down and it changes him, which one could imagine is only natural for a child when it gets sick.Page 4, line 103-104 He stopped being the boy who would throw himself into anything that seemed like fun. The narrator loves seeing her brother play Anne Boleyn, she thinks he is very convincing in the occasion. Page 2, line 12 It was worth giving up the role yourself just to watch Terry give it his all. The fact that it is Terry that is often chosen to play Anne Boleyn, steady though they all want to play her, could be a symbol of fate choosing him to get sick and die. It might as well have been one of the other kids, as well as it could have been one of the other kids who could have played the role.This is shown in the part of the story where Anne Boleyn dies, and Terry has to play the death woman. Page 4, line 99-101 And Terry would hold his face in both h ands, his shoulders heaving in enormous, racking, have sobs. But in real life, it was all silent hours. Vacant stares. The game of playing Anne Boleyn could also be a symbol of the children losing something. Anne Boleyn loses her head and life, Terry loses his life and the narrator loses her brother, her friends and a part of her childhood.At this manoeuver it is only the prototypal part of the rhyme that is used. Page 3, line 43 Divorced, beheaded, died. But as the children touch on with their lives, learn to live with the loss of a friend and a brother, and some of them meet over again even though they do not talk, the rest of the rhyme appears in their life. And this time it holds a totally new meaning. Page 6, line 174 Divorced, beheaded, died, divorced, beheaded, survived. The structure of the text is a bit messy but it belt up manages to give the reader a good and continuous view of the narrators life.The fact that the first 1,5 pages focuses on her childhood with th e games and her brother, gives the reader a strong sense that it is a chapter of her life that ended when her brother died. But as she continuously mentions her brother, one also understands that her brother is still with her, even though he belongs to an ended chapter. And as she moves on with her life, and survives, she keeps him with her in a more secure way and without getting stir of forgetting about him.Page 5, line 153-156 the truth is sometimes even more than a day goes by before I remember to think of my brother () Maybe its a gift to be able to let go of remembering. Some times. Some things. The narrator tells us about her family and how her son loses his friend in the end of the text, this is a way to tell the reader that it can happen to anyone, and that it is possible to move on. It is possible to survive the death of someone dear. But never to forget it, a person bewildered will always be remembered one way or another, intentionally or not.

Stereotyping, Discrimination and Prejudice Essay Example for Free

Stereotyping, Discrimination and diagonal EssayWe believe that there should be mutual respect between persons, which is a vital pre-requisite for social harmony. Our companionship needs to be more(prenominal) accommodating and less(prenominal) disfavord. It is incumbent upon us to properly address the issue of stereotyping, preconceived idea and difference in earnest so that we may move forward to a healthier and more caring companionship. 2. 1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY emboss is an image or idea of a occurrence type of mortal or thing that has plump fixed through being widely held. Discrimination is to identify an inequitable distinction in the treat custodyt of different categories of bulk, especially on the ground of race, sex or age. Prejudice is a preconceived opinion that is non ground on reason or actual experience. (Source elliptical Oxford Dictionary) Stereotype is to decide, usually un prettyly, that certain people impart particular qualities or abiliti es because they be vast to a particular race, sex or social class. Discrimination is the practice of treating oneness particular company in the society in an unfair way. Prejudice is to micturate pop whatsoeverone so that they build an unfair or creative thinkerless opinion approximately someone or something.(Source Longman Dictionary of coeval English) Globally, stamps, inequality and injustice ar silent as related only different concepts. Stereotypes be regarded as the close cognitive component, secernment as the behavioral component of prejudicial replys and prejudice as the affective. In this tripartite view of inter chemical group attitudes, stumps reflect expectations and beliefs slightly the characteristics of elements of groups perceived as different from ones own, dissimilitude refers to actions, prejudice represents the e motional response.Stereotypes are not only mischievous in their own right they do damage by fostering prejudice and inequa lity. Although related, the tierce concepts green goddess exist independently of from each one an other(a)(prenominal). According to Daniel Katz and Kenneth Braly, stereotyping leads to racial prejudice when people emotionally react to the frame of a group, ascribe characteristics to members of that group, and then evaluate those characteristics. Moral philosophers lease defined discrimination as veto treatment or consideration. This is a comparative definition.An individual need not be actually harmed in beau monde to be discriminated against. He or she just needs to be treated worse than others for some arbitrary reason. The United Nations stance on discrimination concede ins the statement Discriminatory behaviors take many forms, scarcely they all involve some form of exclusion or rejection. (Source Wikipedia) Stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination reflect the human tendencies to conceive and foster certain configurations of phenotypic blows differently, and act on these thoughts and feelings in our interactions with members of racial categories.Racial categorization reflects the impact of placing people into distinct groups based on variation in phenotypic physical features of the face and dust much(prenominal) as come up color, hair color and texture, eye shape, nose width, and lip fullness. Racial stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination reflect the human tendencies to conceptualize and value certain configurations of phenotypic features differently, and act on these thoughts and feelings in our interactions with members of racial categories.In both overt and subtle forms, stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination exhibited among individuals belonging to different racial categories has long been a signifi thronet source of social strife in Ameri fag end society and abroad. In general, individuals with physical features associated with Whites (lighter skin color, lighter and straighter hair, rounder eyes, narrower nose, thinn er lips) are advantaged compared to individuals with features associated with other racial categories. (Maddox, 2012) In Ghana, stereotyping, discrimination and prejudice is liveborn and kicking in Ghana like it is in any other society.Specifically, the statement brings to the fore some of the unhelpful cultural slurs or ethno-phaulisms that cut across Ghanas multi heathen society. There are social stereotypes like Ashanti men are braggers throw their money around and bring on a transcendence complex further they are very ambitious and hard working. Ga men are macroscopical talkers but are not big spenders, they are overly stingy. Ewe men use juju overly much, but are pricy scholars. Fanti men are romantic and sophisticated but are too honest, so they lack tactfulness and diplomacy.Dagomba men are tall, dark and handsome, but expect one or two rivals wives if you marry one. Akuapem men are very polite and gentlemanly. Kwahu men are very business-minded but stash their mone y in their house rather than in the bank. 2. 2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM We are concerned with how stereotypes, discrimination and prejudice affect our judgment with others and therefore the relationship we have with people. 2. 3 investigate QUESTIONS * Why do people stereotype, discriminate and prejudice against others?* What are the sources of stereotyping, discrimination and prejudice? * What are the situations of stereotyping, discrimination and prejudice in tribal conflicts? * What are the strategies for dealing with stereotyping, discrimination and prejudice? 2. 4 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY commonplace OBJECTIVE To synthesize the people of KNUST, some especially the students as to effects of stereotype, discrimination and prejudice on KNUST campus. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES * Identify why people stereotype, discriminate and prejudice. * Examine the sources of stereotype, discriminate and prejudice.* Recognize the role of stereotyping, discrimination and prejudice in tribal conflicts . * Discover strategies for dealing with stereotyping, discrimination and prejudice related situations. 2. 5 ASSUMPTIONS/ surmise * tribe stereotype, discriminate and prejudice against others in the society because of the desire to dominate and control members of other groups. * People stereotype, discriminate and prejudice because they are unable to obtain all the information to make a fair judgment. * Negative stereotyping, discrimination and prejudices cause conflicts among individuals.* Understanding and appreciating other peoples values and culture testament help decrease stereotyping, discrimination and prejudice in the society. 2. 6 JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY To seek sensitive insights to ask questions and assess phenomena in a different perspective in relation to what others have through with(p) on the topic. It will educate us about value diversity and equal luck. We will catch how to challenge assertively expressions of stereotyping, discrimination and prejudice. Dev elop a responsible attitude towards someone relationships.2. 7 consequence OF THE STUDY * The schooling will help us to develop hit the sackledge on our field of research. * The sphere on stereotyping, discrimination and prejudice will enable us explain to others what it entails and it consequences on human life. * The correction will enable us develop our skill in research. * Educate others on the topic. 2. 8 conceptualisation Gender Women over the years have fought shoulder to shoulder with men to gain recognition and independence from all source of discrimination and recognition from their hard work and worth.Ethnicity and tribalism Tribalism infers the possession of a strong cultural or ethnic identicalness that separate one member of a group from the members of another group. faith It involves treating someone differently because that individual is associated with an individual of a particular religion or because of his or her companionship with a religious organi zation. Age It involves treating someone unfairly or less favorably because of his age. Age discrimination can take a form of harassment for typeface offensive remarks about a persons age such(prenominal) as teasing offhand comments and so onProgram of study with the class of study, some people look down on other peoples program of study because they feel theirs is better than the others. 2. 9 METHODOLOGY 2. 10. 1 RESEARCH DESIGN AND TYPE OF STUDY amicable survey design is a popular and commonly used strategy in social learning research and is frequently used to answer who, what, where, how much and how many questions. They allow the collection of large join of data from a sizable population in a highly economical way.Social analyze Design allows investigators to carry out studies in natural real life settings using probability s full-bodieds consequently increase external validity of the studies. Using a social survey design will deliver you more control over the research process and when sampling is used, it is possible to generate incurings that are a case of the whole population at lower cost than collecting the data for the whole population. 1. 9. 2 SAMPLING TECHNIQUE Purposive sampling technique will be used for our sampling technique.With this technique, the researcher selects sampling units subjectively in an attempt to obtain a sample that appears to be a representative of the population. This method is been used in any case because of its relative advantage of time and cost 1. 9. 3 SAMPLE coat Selected students from various halls and hostels. 1. 9. 4 METHODS OF data COLLECTION Questionnaire embroils all techniques of data collection in which each person is asked to suffice to the same set of questions in a predetermined order. 1. 9. 5 SOURCES OF DATA Sources of data include the primary source, secondary source and the tertiary source.We will use all the three sources of data. Primary sources include journals, memoirs, dairies, newspa pers, reports, interviews, raw data and many more. Secondary sources include books, television and radio documentaries, conference proceedings etc. Tertiary sources Google, Wikipedia, dictionaries, encyclopaedias, Ghana web, Modern Ghana etc. 1. 9. 6 UNITS OF ANALYSIS The unit of analysis is Kwame Nkrumah University of intuition and Technology which has a student population of about 45,000. Established in 1952, KNUST has a rich narrative in its evolution into a first class University over the years.Kwame Nkrumah, the African spirit of the Century and broach of African independence is the founder of KNUST. KNUST believes in achievement through diligence and commitment. 1. 9. 7 LIMITATION OF DATA COLLECTION Possible low response rate Members in a group may influence ones decision Limited input from participants Certain data may be unprocurable It may be time consuming The research may intimidate and suppress individual differences 1. 9 ORRGANISATION OF THE STUDY EVENTS TIME FRAME Introduction 1 week Collecting information for literature round off 8 weeks.Administering questionnaires and collection 2 weeks Analysis of data collected 2 weeks Conclusion and summary 2 weeks Total time to be used 17 weeks CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW The terms stereotype, discrimination and prejudice are often used interchangeably in everyday conversation. But when discussing these terms from a sociological perspective, it is valuable to define them stereotypes are oversimplified ideas about groups of people discrimination refers to actions toward them and prejudice refers to thoughts and feelings about those groups.(Colledge, 2013) Stereotype is an image or idea of a particular type of person or thing that has become fixed through being widely held (Source Concise Oxford Dictionary). Stereotype is to decide, usually unfairly, that certain people have particular qualities or abilities because they belong to a particular race, sex or social class(Source Longman Dictionary of pr esent-day(a) English) Discrimination is to make an unjust distinction in the treatment of different categories of people, especially on the grounds of race, sex or age. Source Concise Oxford Dictionary.Discrimination is the practice of treating one particular group in the society in an unfair way. (Source Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English) Prejudice is a preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience. (Source Concise Oxford Dictionary). Prejudice is to influence someone so that they have an unfair or unreasonable opinion about someone or something. (Source Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English) THEORIES RELATING STEREOTYPING, DISCRIMINATION AND PREJUDICE What are the reasons for stereotyping, discrimination and prejudice people?Lets look at the theories that social scientists have suggested To be able to measure the existence and issue of stereotyping, discrimination and prejudice of a particular kind in a particular social or economic domain, i t is necessary to have a theory of how such issue might occur and what its effects might be. Scapegoat supposition This prejudice springs from frustration among people who are themselves disadvantaged (Dollard, 1939). A scapegoat is a person or category of people typically with little power, whom people unfairly blame for their own troubles. Authoritarian Personality Theory According to T.W. Adorno et al. (1950), extreme prejudice is a spirit trait in certain individuals. This destination is stick uped by research showing that people who display strong prejudice toward one minority usually are intolerant of all minorities. These people look upon society as naturally private-enterprise(a) and hierarchical, with better people (like them) inevitably dominating those who are weaker. Culture Theory This theory says that stereotyping, discriminating and prejudice may be characteristic of certain people, but some of this is found in everyone because it is embedded in culture.Think o f a child growing up and their parents telling them they should marry from the same ethnic group. contravention Theory Part of this theory is when powerful people use prejudice to justify oppression others. An example is when minorities claim that they are victims and therefore are entitled to special consideration based on their race. (DJL, 2008) wherefore PEOPLE STEREOTYPE, DISCRIMINATE AND PREJUDICE AGAINST OTHERS IN THE SOCIETY The ability to form general categories is an essential feature of human thought.Without it, we could not make sense of the world. Being able to classify our experiences, the people around us, and the stuff and nonsense objects of our culture under general headings enables us to behave in new circumstances. We can then respond in suspend ways to things and people we have never seen before. It allows us to carry over what we have learned in one situation to another akin situation. However, unlike other forms of categorization, stereotyping provides cat egories that are little, if at all modified by experience and knowledge.People will often ignore or re-interpret experiences in which an individual does not conform to the stereotype of the group, rather than change the stereotype. (Lorne Tepperman, 1991, p. 187) People discriminate out of ignorance and Selfishness and that they dont commend about how it would make other people feel also to make them feels better. (Why do people discriminate, 2012) When people combat instances that disconfirm their stereotypes of a particular group, they tend to assume that those instances are atypical subtypes of the group.Example Ben stereotypes gay men as being not athletic. When he meets Al, an athletic gay man, he assumes that Al is not a typical representative of gay people. Peoples perceptions are influenced by their expectations. Example Liz has a stereotype of elderly people as mentally unstable. When she sees an elderly woman sitting on a pose bench alone, talking out loud, she thinks that the woman is talking to herself because she is unstable. Liz fails to notice that the woman is actually talking on a cell phone.People selectively recall instances that confirm their stereotypes and forget about disconfirming instances. Researchers chance upon it difficult to measure prejudice. One reason for this is that people differ in the type and extent of prejudice they harbor. For example, a person who makes demeaning comments about a particular ethnic group may be bigoted or just ignorant. Also, people often do not admit to being prejudiced. (Source (Lewin, 2012), 4teenth November, 2012, 10am) Why do we form opinions about other people based on their appearance, posture, language, and so on?We do this because different factors contribute to why people stereotype each other. We stereotype, discriminate and prejudice other people when we are unable or unwilling to obtain all of the information we need to make a fair judgment about people or situations. In the absence of the so called intact picture, to stereotype people in many cases allow us to fill in the missing pieces of information. Our society often innocently creates and perpetuates stereotypes, but these stereotypes often lead to unfair discrimination and persecution when the person been stereotype is unfavorable.For example, if we are walking through a park late at night and en snack discontinue three aged(a) citizens wearing fur coats and walking with canes, we may not feel as threatened as if we were met by three high school-aged boys wearing hoodies. These generalizations root from our experiences we have had ourselves, read in books, and magazines, seen in movies or television, or have had related to us by friends and family. In many cases, these stereotypical generalizations are reasonably accurate. nevertheless in virtually, every case we are resorting to is prejudice by ascribing characteristics about a person based on appearance, without knowledge of the total facts. By stereo typing, we assume that a person or a group of certain characteristics. Quite often, we have stereotyped a person who might be a member of a group with which we have not had firsthand contact with before. (Why do we stereotype? , 2012). According to psychologist Gordon Allport, prejudice and stereotypes emerge in part as a result of normal human thinking. In order to make sense of the world around us, it is important to sort information into mental categories.The human mind must think with the aid of categories, Allport explained. Once formed, categories are the basis for normal prejudgment. We cannot possibly bar this process. straight living depends upon it. This process of categorization applies to the social world as well, as we sort people into mental groups based on factors such as age, sex and race. (Cherry, 2013) SOURCES OF STEREOTYPING, DISCRIMINATION AND PREJUDICE IN THE SOCIETY AUTHORITHAIANISM The peremptory personality is rigid and inflexible and has a very low toler ance for uncertainty.People with this type of personality have great respect for authority figures and quickly submit to their will. They place a high value on conventional behavior. By labeling unconventional people inferior, immature or degenerate, the authoritarians avoid s any need to question their beliefs and attitudes. SCAPE-GOATING Unpopular minority groups are often used as scapegoats for other peoples problems. They are blamed for wide varied things that they could not possibly have caused. The term originates from a Hebrew tradition.On Yom Kippur, a goat was set loose in the state of nature after the high priest had symbolically laid all the sins of the person on its head (Leviticus 1620-22). One explanation of scape-goating is the frustration-aggression theory. Its three basic principles are that (1) Frustration produces aggression. (2) This aggression cannot safely be direct against powerful people and (3) The aggression is therefore transferred to weaker individual wh o cannot fight such as members of an unpopular minority group. LEARNING Although prejudice and discrimination are sometimes associated with certain personality traits or with frustration, both are learned.South Africans do not need authoritarian personalities to have strong racial prejudice, because they learn such attitudes from their culture. Most prejudice is acquired early in the socialization process. Children adopt their parents prejudice as naturally as they adopt their parents language, and discrimination follow prejudice as regularly as night follows day. Some of the most common prejudices are taken from ethnic stereotype- ideas that portray all the members of a group as having similar fixed, usually unfavorable characteristics. ECONOMICS Conflicts between ethnic groups foster prejudice and discrimination.Some social scientists specially Marxists, are convinced that all conflict stems from economic causes. Whether one accepts this idea or not, there is ample evidence that, the realities of economic completion lies beneath much prejudice and discrimination. In times of high unemployment, members of the dominant allele group can protect their jobs by making sure that members of subordinate groups are dismissed first. It has long been noted that anti black prejudice is high among white-working class men who compete with blacks for low paying, rough jobs.POLITICS The quest for power promotes prejudice and discrimination just as the quest for money does. dominant groups use discrimination as a technique for maintaining their power, appealing to popular prejudice to justify their discrimination. In some societies, political discrimination is obvious and accepted fact of life. For example, South African does not allow native Africans to vote and until quite recently, many American communities denied the same right to their black citizens. (Coleman, 2002, pp.193-196)ROLE OF STEREOTYPING, stabbing AND PREJUDICE IN TRIBAL CONFLICTS Stereotypes distort histo ry through oversimplification but they are also extremely dangerous breeding grounds for bigotry, fear, resentment, irrationality, animosity, hatred and ethnic conflict and cleansing. Stereotypes generate self-serving attitudes such as we deserve more because we sacrificed more than others, they are suffering because it is their own fault, and it is their problem since they are cleanup their own people and it is their government and we have nothing to do with it.In extremes cases, stereotypes have culminated in sight violence, the mass displacement of millions of fellow citizens, ethnic cleansing, pogroms and genocide. (A. B. K. Kasozi, 1999 G. Prunier, 1995 P. Gourevitch, 1998 and M. Mamdam, 2002). The concept of tribe was derogatorily developed in the 19th carbon by racist western scholars and journalists to designate alien non-white people as inferior or less civilized and as having not yet evolved from a primary state. From Kukubor, the following stereotyping, discrimination and prejudice can lead to tribal conflicts. From (Kukubor, 2006), ADVOCATING SEGREGATION.This advocacy represents a belief that different ethnic groups should live apart, have infrangible control over certain natural resources, can be exposed to special benefits. This advocacy began in the Ashanti Confederacy at pre-independence unsuccessfully agitated for a Federal state so as to appropriate the perceived wealth of the Ashanti. Extreme pride in ones ethnic group and obsequious patriotism is good but extreme pride in ones ethnic group has proven to be the fascist of all regimes. CONSTANT REFERENCE TO A PERSONS ETHNICITY A mere mention of someones ethnic group on a first encounter could be benign.But constant reference to the persons ethnic group after a long period f knowing that person, no matter how innocent the references may appear, establishes unmistakably tribal patterns. BELITTLING OTHER GROUPS AND INDIFFERENCE TO THE FEELINGS OF OTHER ETHNIC GROUPS. Constant criticism and ri dicule of the opinions of other ethnic groups, which is often done sarcastically without explicitly making mention of the ethnicity of persons. It is also typical to make period of play of members of the inferior ethnic group. EXCESSIVE HATE FOR A PARTICULAR ETHNIC GROUP.This is where one adopts an exaggerated reaction to any perceived misconduct from a person of the other ethnic group. In this situation, the punishment is out of proportion to the original wrong, whether real or perceived, and completely ignores the provocation that have led to the misconduct resulting in conflicts. NON- RECOGNITION OF THE ABILITIES AND ACHIEVEMENTS OF OTHER ETHNIC GROUPS. This attitude is so endemic in our political history. Some ethnic groups in this country have consistently denied the intelligence, cultural level, social status or other qualities of other ethnic groups in the face of overwhelming evidence.CONDESCENDING ATTITUDE OR BEHAVIOR. People show patronising attitude towards other member s of different ethnic groups. They exhibit this by attacking other members which cause them most offense. They even employ members of other groups they perceive as enemies and use them to attack members of that ethnic group. These employees may openly condemn the culture of their ethnic group as backward and shower praises on the members of superior ethnic group. Furthermore, these people have no insight into their own prejudice. They believe that their prejudice is based on object glass grounds that cannot be compromised.By this strong fixation, an individual is capable of violence and other forms of crime towards members of what he views as the inferior ethnic group. For Hima/tutsi elite being called superior and alien had a feel good effect. They were proud to be told that they had racial affinities, however distant, with the new colonial masters Overtime they developed a superiority complex, which they used to claim privileges and entitlements, including being appointed colonia l chiefs. They then reinvented the pre-colonial past to live the ikon that their superiority had existed since time immemorial.Like the new colonial masters, they grounded their rights and privileges on the right of conquering and subjugating the natives some four to five centuries before the advent of European conquest and occupation. On their part, the natives felt dejected and resentful. They carried the burden of taxation and forced labor. Under colonialism, they served two sets of masters the white and Hima/Tutsi elite masters. In due course, they sought to travel their supposed native status to their political advantage. In Rwanda and to some extent Ankole, the so-called natives began to make political demands on the ground that they were the natural majority.The extremists even went to the extent of demanding the return of the Tutsi/Hima aliens to their original homelands, where they came from, and wherever that might be (Doornbos, 197831). This led to the tensions of the 1940s and 1950s and the expulsion of the so-called Bayarwanda in the early 1980s. ( www. grandslacs. net/doc/3782, 115pm, 15th November 15, 2012) STATEGIES FOR DEALING WITH STEREOTYPING, DISCRIMINATION, PREJUDICE RELATED SITUATIONS The key to reversing stereotypes is to contradict them, in direct interactions between people, in the media, and through education.Between the individuals once people get to know a person from the other side, they are often will determine that the other is not nearly as bad as they primarily had assumed. Even when people learn that they share fear or sadness, they can begin to understand each other more. When they come to understand that the other is afraid of being hurt, or losing a loved one in war, just as they are, that brings people unneurotic. Depending on the context and other interactions, the image of the group as a whole may become more positive as well.In the media the media also plays an important role in both perpetuating and in breaking d own stereotypes. If they characterize particular groups of people in certain ways, their viewers (or readers) are likely to do the same. So if a movie or the motion picture industry in general, characterizes a group of people negatively, they are likely to be perpetuating negative stereotypes and making conflicts worse. If they emphasize the positive aspects of groups that contradict prevalent stereotypes, they can have a significant role in building mutual understanding.In Education Educational institutions and teaching materials also have the opportunity to affect stereotypes, and hence influence inter-group relations. Efforts to teach about different cultures and the history of different racial and ethnic groups can help build inter-group understanding if it is done in an effectual and sympathetic way. Changing stereotypes is by and large the job of individuals. Each of us should examine the assumptions that we make about others and ask ourselves where those assumptions come fro m.(Source (Why do we stereotype? , 2012) Training people to become more empathetic to members of other groups is one method that can cut stereotyping, discrimination and prejudice. By imaging themselves in the same situation, people are able to think about how they would react and gain a greater understanding of other peoples actions. Other techniques that are used to abridge prejudice include * Passing laws and regulations that require fair and equal treatment for all groups of people.* Gaining public support and awareness for stereotype, discrimination and prejudice social norms. * Making people aware of the inconsistencies in their own beliefs. * increase contact with members of other social groups. (Cherry, 2013) Pettigrew (1981) and others proposed that stereotyping, discrimination and prejudice can be reduced by increasing contact between groups (the contact hypothesis), social learning, social re-categorization and weakening stereotypes. INCREASING CONTACTS BETWEEN GROUPS tangency is effective under these limiting conditions* Groups are roughly equal in status (social, economic, or task relevant) * Contact involves cooperation and interdependence * Contact is informal so groups get to know one another as individual * Persons must regard one another as typical of their respective groups SOCIAL LEARNING * To the extent that prejudices and stereotypes are learned, we can work to avoid teaching them to children * Parents and teachers, made aware of their own prejudices, may work to modify their behavior to encourage lower levels of stereotyping, discrimination and prejudice in children.SOCIAL RE-CATEGORIZATION The common in-group identity model (Gaertner, Dovidio et al. , 1993) * When members of different social groups come to see themselves as members of a single social entity, their attitudes toward the precedent out-group members become more positive * Crucial factor is existence of situation in which groups work together cooperatively toward shared goals * Strong support for common in-group identity model from lab and field studies, but hard to implement in real life settings WEAKENING STEREOTYPES.Stereotypes can be reduced if persons can be made to engage in attribute-driven affect thinking about the unique characteristics of individuals. Factors that encourage attribute-driven processing * Give person incentive to think accurately about others (Neuberg, 1989) * Inform persons that their own outcomes depend on anothers performance, or that it is important that they form an accurate impression of other.* Successful outcomes for members of other groups (e.g. , career success) can counter stereotypes because we often attribute positive characteristics to those who have good outcomes. (Reducing Stereotyping, Discrimination and Prejudice, 2012) CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK The conceptual modelling consists of age, program of study, gender, religion, ethnicity and tribalism which we use as a guide through the study. CHAPTER 3 DATA ANALYS IS The chapter three entails the data collection and analyses based on the objectives.Questionnaires were given out to a sample of 100 students to find the extent of their knowledge on stereotyping, discrimination and prejudice in KNUST and this was their response. The data analyses system used is the SPSS. The bar chart is used to break the frequencies to make it more understandable and easy to interpret. 1. From the 100 respondents, 84% know about stereotyping, discrimination and prejudice in KNUST, 8% do not know about it and 8% also do not really know about it. stereotyping discrimination prejudice in KNUST. absolute frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Yes 84 84. 0 84. 0 84. 0 No 8 8. 0 8. 0 92. 0 not really 8 8. 0 8. 0 100. 0 Total 100 100. 0 100. 0 2. Talking about people who speak up when someone is humiliating, insulting and ridiculing another person, 47% said they usually speak up, 15% said they always, 9% said they never and 29% said they ignore humiliating insulting ridiculing another person frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Usua.

Empirical Literature Article Review of Leadership Ethics Essay Example for Free

Empirical Literature expression Review of Leadership morality EssayThe opportunity to evaluate original look for serves as one of the many foundations to both scholarly writing and research (Grand Canyon University, 2013). Therefore, to arouse this process I impart critique empirical research articles for the purpose of demonstrating the effectiveness in understanding leadership honorable motive.So, using the writings presented within in the works of Predictors of respectable Code Use and Ethical Tolerance in the existence Sector by Neal Ashkanasy, Sarah Falkus, and Victor Callan along with Advancing Ethics in Public Organizations The Impact of an Ethics Program on Employees Perceptions and Behaviors in a Regional Council by Itai Beeri, Rachel Dayan, Eran Vigoda-Gadot, and Simcha Werner, and finally, An Empirical Study of Leader Ethical Values, Transformational and Transactional Leadership, and Follower Attitudes Toward Corporate Social Responsibility by Kevin Groves an d Michael LaRocca comparisons will be made on the relevance and need for research purposes. In comparison, the authors of each study utilize honorable behaviors for the purpose of comparing relationships, perceptions, and beliefs associated with measures of ethical practice.Furthermore, reasonable justification for conducting the research presented in each study is outlined as evidence from the be research questions and is validated within the results of each piece of literature reviewed. Posed Research Questions Relating the Authors in the resemblance Similarly, the literature within each study focussed on ethical practice and how it used to enhance behavior of individuals within organizations. However, assertions within the scope of the posed research questions present relevant generalizations for each study. For example, Ashkanasy, Falkus, and Callan (2000) focused on variables that formulated predictive roles of organizational, individual, group, and contextual takes for utilizing formal codes of conduct. These variables were developed to serve as predictors of ethical valuation reserve as a result of formal code use.Whereas, organizational commitment (OC), organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), and lumber of work life (QWL) are the foundation in which Beeri, Dayan, Vigoda-Gadot, and Werner (2013) perceive positive relationships are built as ethical resources are generated. Hence, these three areas promote sensation of ethical leadership and decision fashioning in addition to the ethics code. Further, Groves and LaRocca (2011) incorporate the notion of corporate social responsibility by border both transformational and transactional leadership styles. Here, the idea is leaders with deontological value of ethics will be perceived as modeling transformational leadership, while leaders with teleological values of ethics are perceived as modeling transactional leadership (Groves et al. , 2011).Although each study assessed various ethical pract ices, each displays similarities in presenting study results as a gist of validating posed questions of research. Sample Populations The results recorded from evaluations used in the sample populations highlighted evidence relevant to that of measures demand to verify theory associated with ethical practice. Hence, each study presented the results through a form of statistical summary in which various foot race groups within the field of research were used. Moreover, similar methods were incorporated to assess the results of the respondents within all three studies. Ashkanasy, Falkus, and Callans Approach This evaluation involved mailed questionnaires to public sector employees in one State of Australia.The principal method of conducting this study was based on hierarchical regression, and addressed several(prenominal) factors such as demographic measures, personal ethical values and attitudes, context and group-level variables, and organizational practices (pg. 245, 2000). Giv en the basis of evidence Ashkanasy, Falkus, and Callan (2000) used this method of analysis to assert that ethical decisions are more likely to be influenced by employees, versus the effect of group and individual variables. Beeri, Dayan, Vigoda-Gadot, and Werners Approach In lieu of the goal to test the relationships between ethics and performance within governments locally, Beeri et al. , (2013) used questionnaires to evaluate the long term effects of an ethics program on employees perceptions, and the behavior in one council of an Israeli region.This as a result, stems from awareness of ethical codes, and inclusion of employees in the ethical decision making process. Groves and LaRoccas Approach Groves and LaRocca (2011) utilized voluntary community-based leadership programs that targeted educational values on ethics. The leaders of these community based programs were emailed a link with instructions for society with an online questionnaire. The assumption here was that training on both transformational and transactional leadership, in addition to ethical decision making and CSR would now be implemented. Results Analysis All in all, the results displayed by the analysis of each study make up to the overall effort of the posed research.For example, supported results aligned with study hypotheses, but signified that certain mechanisms underlie the criterion for each of the tested variables on different levels according to Ashkanasy, Falkus, and Callan (2000). Whereas, Beeri et al. , (2013) report a greater awareness in ethical codes and decision making along with add-ond organizational commitment is achieved as a result of positive ethical leadership. And finally, Groves and LaRocca (2011) correlated their findings with the original prediction that transformational leadership alone was aligned with the beliefs of followers in view of the corporate social responsibility of stakeholders. Conclusion Study Limitations of ArticlesTo fully appreciate the level of understanding needed to evaluate literature of empirical research, a description of the methodology, research questions and an analysis of results essential be presented to determine the validity of the overall analysis. And as such, each study discussed within the contents of this makeup has been successful in delivering on all areas to support research efforts. However, there were areas that pose limitations to future research efforts for all three studies. For example, the use of questionnaires may not represent a true assessment of the respondents beliefs (Ashkanasy et al. , 2000).Also, issues surrounding anonymity can urface when responding to questions concerning ethical climate (Beeri et al. , 2013). And provided, influences set by both parkland source and common method can stimulate bias in lieu of follower values of CSR (Groves LaRocca, 2011). For future development of the practice The results yield an overall influence within organizations that build on variables to i ncrease ethical standards. However, there are yet underlying issues for democratic organizations that stress the importance of ethics, integrity, and fairness (Beeri et al. , 2013). And recommendations for further study are necessary to promote the continuous effort of influencing follower perceptions toward ethical commitments.